Feasibility study estimates are used to determine whether users are contributing sufficient funds to make the project sustainable and bankable. These are, for example, large physical infrastructure projects (. B motorways, bridges), which may themselves generate revenue due to user charges, tolls or other charges for consumers. Some of the recent PPAs have also used a hybrid model that includes both user fees and availability-based payments to better allocate the risks associated with revenue streams. Under the Malir Highway project, the Government of Sindh agreed, in accordance with the draft publicly available concession contract, to make payments based on availability to the concessionaire in the form of a minimum revenue guarantee, and the following agreement was reached: service fees were compared under the PPP agreement and reflected in the financial model; and revenues that exceed or fall below the reference values should be shared equally between the concessionaire and the Sindh government.44 In another model, the government may make pension-based payments to the private party based on certain products or key performance indicators. In such cases, project milestones and tests can be used to assess the progress of the project from time to time. More recently, this payment model has been used for English secondary schools and EMO projects commissioned for the management of Sindh public schools. Finally, some projects may include a government grant to make them bankable. Here, payments, even through facilities such as the VGF, can be made in the form of equity, with the government agreeing to buy a number of a special class of shares in the project and receive dividends in exchange for their deposit. Public-private partnerships (PPPs), as they are now called, are a reform of the health sector aimed at creating formal and long-term relationships between the public and private sectors by sharing their core skills and resources, including a certain level of joint decision-making and innovative interaction, in order to achieve sustainable improvements in the provision and improved use of health services implementation. and addressing emerging health challenges for the benefit of society. A fundamental set of PPP objectives in the delivery of basic health services is to improve the delivery of services such as coverage, quality and infrastructure, as well as to increase community demand for health. The Private Power and Infrastructure Board (PPIB) was established in 1994 as a “one-stop facilitator” on behalf of the Government of Pakistan to encourage private investment in the energy sector.

The role of the PPIB has been further expanded by the state government by enabling it to facilitate related public energy and infrastructure projects in IPP mode, for which the PPIB Law was amended in November 2015. In the notification, the implementing body shall indicate the timetable for the receipt of tenders and expressions of interest. This period shall be at least 15 days from the date of publication for national tenders and 30 days for international tenders. Requests for clarification and response to requests can be made, but must be made in writing.29 As the PPP regime continues to develop and PPP authorities in Pakistan create a more favorable environment for private investment in public projects, there are many opportunities and desires for more PPPs in the country. The public entity directly involved in the PPP transaction is the executing agency defined in the Federal PPP Act as any public entity, including government ministries, companies or autonomous entities or any government agency conducting a PPP project.21 Examples include the National Roads Authority, Pakistan Railways, Pakistan Tourism Development Corporation and state-chartered universities such as: University of Science and Technology. The implementing body usually designs the project, prepares a project proposal, applies for permits, concludes the PPP contract with the private party and oversees the implementation of the project. A similar concept exists at the provincial level. In the PPP laws of Punjab and Balochistan, this body is designated as a government agency, in Sindh simply as an agency, and in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa as a public contracting authority.22 Although public works and services may be paid for by a fee from the authority`s revenue budget, e.B. in hospital projects, concessions may include the right to direct payments from users – for example: with toll motorways.

In cases such as notional tolls for motorways, payments are based on actual use of the service. With regard to wastewater treatment, payment is made with the fees charged by users. Aga Khan University of Karachi, Pakistan, a private sector partnership with the Government of Sindh to provide basic health care for disease surveillance, vaccines and drug trials in rural and urban slums; a public hospital for mother and child in Shikarpur district, Sindh province, which is managed by a general practitioner; Public-private partnerships also carry risks from the point of view of the public and taxpayers. Private operators` partnership with the government can prevent them from being accountable to users of public services because they cut too many corners, provide inferior services, or even violate people`s civil or constitutional rights. At the same time, the private partner may be able to increase tolls, tariffs and fees for related consumers who may be forced by law or by a geographical monopoly to pay for their services. Public-Private Partnership Unit to the Prime Minister There is no separate PPP unit. The regulatory authority for public procurement and public service delegations is the Ministry of Finance. The Government of Pakistan is committed to achieving the Millennium Development Goals to eradicate poverty, provide health and education services, achieve gender equality and fight HIV by 2015, in partnership with the World Health Organization and the World Bank. Meeting the challenges of globalization and building a prosperous Pakistan in the 21st century.

To reach the end of the century, we must promote and practice PPPs in the provision of health services in order to improve the health of our society. The Federal PPP Act defines a PPP as a commercial transaction between a public entity and a private party in which the private party: 9 APAs, “New infrastructure projects to be carried out under a public-private partnership: Punjab CM”, The News, July 5, 2020, www.thenews.com.pk/print/682328-new-infrastructure-projects-to-be-completed-under-public-private-partnership-punjab-cm. The project proposal for the installation, operation and maintenance of water meters in Lahore was approved in 2020. This is followed by the installation of water meters in other cities in Punjab. .